This document summarizes research on landscape restoration in southern Africa by examining changes in tree density on farms in Malawi. It finds that tree cover is severely threatened, declining by 30,000 hectares annually, with more loss in southern and central Malawi. This degradation harms soil, agriculture, resources and biodiversity. Efforts promote agroforestry and sustainable management. However, tree-based approaches have been limited by labor needs, knowledge gaps, and long timelines to benefits. Now, more farmers are increasing tree cover through protecting regeneration and planting, driven by desires to boost soil fertility, prevent erosion, and access resources like firewood and construction materials. The research assessed driver of adopting farmer-managed natural regeneration by mapping
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