Background

Coastal ecosystems and associated biodiversity are under severe threat due to global climate change and subsequent sea level rise (SLR). Mangroves as a socio-ecological system are of paramount importance for combating climate change and ensuring sustainability of coastlines and sustenance of coastal communities. Despite provisioning several ecosystem services and benefits to the society, these ecosystems face huge pressure from anthropogenic and natural causes. For instance, the rate of sea level rise in the Indo-Pacific region, which holds the highest mangrove area and species diversity, is much higher (3.14 mm/yr) than the global average (2.5 mm/yr). Although mangroves provide coastal resilience against rising sea level, the accelerated rate of SLR inhibits mangroves’ natural adaptation processes. These challenges are exacerbated by increased urbanization, aquaculture expansion, and other related land use changes hindering landward movement of mangroves. Overall leading to increased coastal vulnerability and poor ecosystem resilience. Baseline data and scientific information on these vulnerable zones are of paramount importance in tailoring adequate management practices.