CIFOR–ICRAF publishes over 750 publications every year on agroforestry, forests and climate change, landscape restoration, rights, forest policy and much more – in multiple languages.

CIFOR–ICRAF addresses local challenges and opportunities while providing solutions to global problems for forests, landscapes, people and the planet.

We deliver actionable evidence and solutions to transform how land is used and how food is produced: conserving and restoring ecosystems, responding to the global climate, malnutrition, biodiversity and desertification crises. In short, improving people’s lives.

Replication data for: Forces of competition: smallholding teak producers in Indonesia

Export citation

Smallholders managing their own teak plantations typically lack established marketing strategies and are unaware of the underlying competition. They also have limited experience in using research methods to observe the competitiveness and attractiveness of smallholders™ teak in the market. To investigate the lesser-explored smallholders teak market and identify opportunities to develop marketing strategies we applied Porter™s Five Forces Model which focuses on the five forces that shape business competition. The study showed that smallholding teak producers compete with a well established state-owned forest enterprise. Meanwhile access to markets market knowledge financial resources and tree production and management all of which bore on product quality were identified as barriers to entry by smallholders into the teak market. With bargaining power at the supply level farmers must deal with the overwhelming profit-eroding power of buyers the intermediaries. Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) and acacia (Acacia auriculiformis) may well be suitable high-quality substitutes for teak but sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) which is a fast-growing high-yielding tree that reaches harvest size in only eight years may also suffice. Improving market information for smallholders simplifying timber trade regulations to minimize transaction costs and developing links between teak producers and teak industries are among the recommendations to initiate effective marketing strategies for smallholders growing teak.

Related publications