s:1433:"TI Transformative land investment: How do environmental, social, governance and societal standards add up? 
AU Luttrell, C. 
AU Larson, A.M. 
AU Schoneveld, G.C. 
AU Kalman, R. 
AU Gallagher, E.J. 
AB Key messagesWith growing concern over climate, biodiversity and food crises, there is a proliferation of standards, guidelines and principles (simplified here as “standards and guidelines” or just “standards”) aimed at addressing environmental, social, governance and broader societal challenges (the “pillars” of transformative change).Across these challenges, different standards and guidelines have multiple priorities and varying concepts of what each pillar encompasses.Few initiatives acknowledge or incorporate all four pillars, thereby increasing the potential risk of harm by neglecting trade-offs and overlooking the need for understanding and promoting systemic change.Although it is not possible for every standard to “do everything”, investors should identify, assess and plan for the potential consequences and trade-offs; otherwise, “green” projects could impoverish smallholders, and livelihood projects could ignore sustainability, with long-term consequences for both.Transformative change in food systems requires investor models that ensure a positive impact, where environmental stewardship, social inclusion, governance and societal issues become part of how investors do business. 
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