CIFOR–ICRAF publishes over 750 publications every year on agroforestry, forests and climate change, landscape restoration, rights, forest policy and much more – in multiple languages.

CIFOR–ICRAF addresses local challenges and opportunities while providing solutions to global problems for forests, landscapes, people and the planet.

We deliver actionable evidence and solutions to transform how land is used and how food is produced: conserving and restoring ecosystems, responding to the global climate, malnutrition, biodiversity and desertification crises. In short, improving people’s lives.

Forest Related Nature-Based Solutions – Review of terms and concepts – from afforestation to forest landscape restoration

Export citation

This report seeks to clarify how seven common terms and concepts are used in the scientific literature, namely "Nature-Based Solution, Ecosystem Based Adaptation, Integrated Landscape Management, Forest Restoration, Forest Landscape Restoration, Afforestation and Rewilding", and how to use them more effectively to support forest landscape restoration implementation.
Download:

Related publications