s:1311:"%T Social and environmental transformation of refugee and hosting community landscapes in Central and Eastern Africa 
%A Laird, S. 
%A Awono, A. 
%A Okia, C. 
%A Alvarez Anaya, G. 
%A Ingram, V. 
%A Sola, P. 
%A Watson, C. 
%A Muthuri, C.W. 
%A Gilruth, P. 
%A Mendum, R. 
%A Njenga, M. 
%X This paper synthesises the challenges in environmental sustainability facing refugee-hosting landscapes, on-going initiatives, and gaps. It also presents transformative science plans by CIFOR-ICRAF to address exiting gaps towards resilient landscapes and livelihoods. CIFOR-ICRAF is a research institution in forestry and landscape management, which has evolved out of an effective merger between CIFOR and ICRAF.

The assessment shows that resilience, sustainability, and environmental health in host landscapes are multi-faceted and complex, with cultural, ecological, economic, social, and political dimensions. Therefore, despite various organisations working in refugee hosting landscapes, there are still challenges in achieving holistic, long-term and sustainable solutions. On the other hand, governance and host community institutions that are central to the ownership, success and sustainability of initiatives addressing environmental degradation have not always been actively involved to date. 
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