Nature provides essential life-supporting services for people and the economy, but the ecosystems that provide these services are rapidly being degraded and lost. To avoid escalating risks to economic stability, human health, and the capacity to address the climate crisis, increased investments are urgently needed to protect and enhance ecosystem health. Companies have an important role to play. They are increasingly investing in nature-based solutions such as carbon dioxide removal, water replenishment, or biodiversity conservation. The specific benefits of these investments hinge on the health of the whole ecosystems which provide these services. However, it is challenging for companies to consider ecosystem health holistically in investment decisions. Microsoft collaborated with an international team of scientists to assess the opportunities and challenges of corporate investments in nature. This paper outlines the importance of investing in ecosystem health, shares Microsoft’s experience, and offers insights from science and practice.