The appropriate approach to energy policy is key for Amazon’s development. The risks of negative impacts of energy policies are relevant for both the ecological processes and the related social dynamics. The fact that global warming and climate change influence biodiversity loss and therefore development alternatives for local communities suggests that the promotion of public policies for sustainable development cannot underestimate the energy aspect. This study analyzes processes an d policies of energy development in the Ucayali Region of Peru, and particularly their impacts on local communities. The key research question that needs to be answered is: How energy policies impact local communities The objectives of the study are: i) assess existing energy policies at nation al and regional level that are relevant to forests and local communities in the Ucayali Region, ii) identify factors influencing the current status of energy policies and their impact on forest s and the livelihoods of local communities, iii) recognize the environmental impacts related to energy policies, and iv) propose recommendations on energy policies to decision makers. The context of the study features a national process of decentralization in which the adminis trative domain takes priority over the political domain , constraining local autonomy. Consequen tly , the official discourse of sustainable development in energy projects does not necessarily take into consideration indigenous peoples ’ environmental concerns and human rights. The distinction between rights on soil and subsoil is often a cause of conflict. Interviews for this article were conducted with key actors from indigenous communities , regional government, and regional authorities. Likewise, informati on from indigenous workshops addressing communities’ relation to hydrocarbons was systematized. In addition , the study included a comprehensive bibliographic review on the institutional structure regarding the country’s energy sector, energy policies, and energy statistics.
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