In the current discussion on ‘Hutan Tanaman Rakyat’ or ‘peoples plantations’ in Indonesia a number of paradigms are available for comparison. On one hand the nucleus-plasma-estate concept in fastwood timber plantations, where centr ally controlled decisions on the trees to be planted and a centrally organized relationship w ith a processing unit provide a simple planning framework, but position smallholders essentially in the role of farm labourers. On the other hand the paradigm of ‘community managed forests’ where the government steps back and allows the local community to respond to market forces a nd manage state forest lands according to their own insights, within rules that require that public functions of land are me t. As a third paradigm, the independent smallholders w ho operate on village and private lands are generally free to plant trees, but may still face difficulties to market and use tree products planted. The multiple policy goals involved in the ‘peoples plantation’ concept can be met in multiple ways by these three paradigms, but there are tradeoffs between degree of central control and overall efficiency. Currently the HTR concept can be seen as intermediate to these three paradigms, but the length of contracts (up to 100 years) with local co mmunities is a big step towards effective local incentives for sustainable management. The paper further discusses a set of constraints that currently limit the role of local communities and smallholders from fully participating in the supply of timber and other tree products.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5716/WP14965.PDFAltmetric score:
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Publication year
2007
Authors
Suyanto S W; Budidarsono S; Sakuntaladewi N; Tata M H L; Galudra, G.; Fay, C.C.; van Noordwijk, M.; Roshetko, J.M.
Language
English
Keywords
communities, forest management, logging, smallholders, trees
Geographic
Indonesia
