However diverse the forests and people of sub-Saharan Africa may be, they share many commonalities. They face the challenges of alleviating poverty, limiting deforestation and the degradation of forest and tree resources, reversing land degradation, coping with water scarcity, and restraining desertification. Many of these problems are aggravated by climate change and the global economic crisis, as reflected in rising food and energy prices. At the same time, tremendous opportunities exist in the form of growing markets for bio-energy and environmental services such as carbon sequestration and protecting water resources and biodiversity. To secure its future, sub- Saharan Africa must seize the moment and find opportunities in these markets to diversify livelihoods and safeguard the welfare of its people. This requires the sustainable management and use of forests.