Land use, land-use change and forestry, especially deforestation and degradation in the tropics, contribute approximately 17-20% of total global greenhouse gas emissions. Because the direct benefits that land managers obtain from changing high carbon-stock land use to lower carbon-stock uses are often small relative to the global impact on net emissions, it has been suggested that the international community compensate land managers for the relatively low ‘opportunity cost’ of not clearing forests for agriculture or other land uses. Part of the conversion and emissions will clearly be out of reach of economic incentive structures and a target of ‘reducing’ rather than ‘ending’ emissions is appropriate. This, in principle, is the reason behind global interest in the so-called Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) mechanisms. Vietnam has been selected as a test-case country by many donors. The United Nations Collaborative Program on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (UN-REDD) and the World Bank ’ s Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) are the most important donors. The test case is conducted to ensure that rich experiences and lessons learned will be incorporated in the REDD design and also to investigate how REDD might operate in developing countries. Vietnam is, given its long coast line and already pressured natural resources, one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Furthermore, Vietnam is an interesting case for investigation owing to its rare trend of increasing forest cover, which makes Vietnam one of the few tropical countries on the right side of the forest transition curve. The per capita emissions in Vietnam are only one third of the global average emission per person (1.2 tCO 2 eq/year compared to global average of 4.5 tCO 2 eq/year), however, owing to rapid economic development emission from Vietnam is increasing sharply compared with the rest of the world (6.7% between 1995 and 2000 compared to 10.6% between 2000 and 2005). Identifying the Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) may inspire initiatives from the Vietnamese government for appropriate methods and levels of emission reduction.
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