The paper presents a project set out to assess the extent and causes of processes that contribute to the pollution of Lake Victoria and localize interventions for more sustainable land management. In a one year start-up phase, emphasis was placed on prioritizing river basins and assessing the land degradation problems in relation to nutrient and sediment inputs to the lake. The document summarizes progress on the proposed activities and the principal findings achieved under this start-up phase. It outlines possible broad areas of intervention. These include: a rapid reduction of pressure on the vegetation cover over large areas of fragile land; the restoration of the filtering function of wetlands and riverine buffer strips; and the increase of productivity of agricultural land that has high potential.