s:2768:"TI Experiences and future prospects for tree seed supply in Agricultural development support, based on lessons learnt in DANIDA supported programmes 1965 - 2005 
AU Graudal, L. 
AU Lillesø J-P B 
AB The objective of this Danida Working Paper is to present lessons learnt in tree seed supply, and to provide operational guidelines for the integration and promotion of good practise in this fi eld, as part of relevant development as- sistance to sector programmes in line with overall Danida policies. The paper is targeted at professionals working with formulation, implemen- tation and monitoring of sector programme support. Support for improved tree seed supply systems has been a priority in Dan- ish development assistance to forestry and agroforestry since the mid-1960s. Approximately DKK 500 million has been spent on this purpose in more than 20 countries over a period of 40-50 years. Other donors have also invested in this area (among others Canada, France, UK, the Netherlands, Belgium, USA, and Norway), while some 50 national tree seed centres have been established throughout the tropics from 1960-2005. In addition, sev- eral international organisations, such as FAO, IUFRO, ICRAF and IPGRI, have provided worldwide support. The approach has varied from one region and country to another, as well as over time. Focus has generally been on production, supply, physical infra- structure and capacity building. National tree seed centres and programmes comprising seed procurement, tree breeding and conservation of genetic resources have been established. Priority has typically been given to produc- tive aspects of tree seed supply directed by public institutions, but in some cases also to the normative functions of providing standards, guidance and mechanisms to in fl uence and monitor the use of seed. The duration of donor support for such programmes has varied from 5 to 20 years. Some programmes continue to exist after donor withdrawal, whereas others have almost disappeared. Even in the presence of existing national programmes, the lack of tree seed, seedlings and other good-quality planting material is repeatedly identi fi ed as a major constraint on greater adoption of tree planting and, in particular, agroforestry innovations. In addition to the challenge of projecting and meeting the quantitative de- mands of farmers and other tree planters, issues of seed quality and genetic diversity still need to be addressed when designing and implementing effec- tive seed supply strategies and policies. During the last decade, there has been a clear call for decentralisation of tree seed supply with greater involvement of individuals, communities and the private sector. These goals have also been pursued in Danida’s support. 
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