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Improved seed germination of four savanna-woodland species: effects of fire-related cues and prolonged soaking in sulphuric acid

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A study was investigate the effects of fire related cues (heat and smoke) and sulphuric acid treatments on of four woody savanna species, namely, Terminalia avicennioides, Piliostigma thonningii, Piliostigma and Prosopis africana. The heat treatment consisted of putting seeds in a preheated oven at 100,150 for 2.5 min. Seeds were then soaked in four concentrations of smoke solution (0 (tap water), 100% smoke solutions). Parallel to smoke and heat treatment, seeds of the four species were concentrated sulphuric acid for 2 hours and also according to the conventional soaking time Under experimental conditions, heat and smoke did not stimulate seed germination. For P. thonningii africana, soaking seeds for 2 hours in sulphuric acid significantly increased germination capacity with conventional soaking time of 5 min. Longer soaking time reduced mean germination time. this study will be useful in the establishment of these

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