s:2149:"%T Molecular Characterization of Sclerocarya birrea ICRAF Field Genebank Collections 
%A Machani G F 
%A Piero N M 
%A Jamnadass, R. 
%A Omwenga I G 
%A Mng'omba S A 
%A Prasad H S 
%A Muchugi, A. 
%A Kariba R 
%X Scelerocarya birrea is an important fruit tree that is widely used by the rural populations in most regions in whichit is found, for its fruits, bark, timber and even its roots. The local communities harvest the tree products from the wildwith minimal attempts to grow it on-farm. The sustainability of such wild harvests is threatened by agriculture,overgrazing and overexploitation for other purposes. Therefore, the species needs urgent conservation measures inaddition to selecting superior germplasm for on-farm tree management that will facilitate ease of species cultivation.This has prompted the International Center for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) and partners to collect andmanage S. birrea germplasm in field genebanks as the initial step towards the species domestication andconservation. In order to effectively manage germplasm, it is important to establish the collection genetic diversity.Six ISSR markers yielded a total of 76 polymorphic bands across the 257 accessions studied. Percentage ofpolymorphic loci and observed heterozygosity ranged from 75% to 7.89% and H=0.362 to H=0.043, respectively.The partitioning of genetic diversity found a higher (86% P>0.001) intra-population variation and low inter-populationvariation, typical of the outcrossing nature of S. birrea. According to Jaccard’s dissimilarity index, the highest geneticdistance between accessions was 1.000 and the least genetic distance was 0.000. Neighbour-joining clusteringgrouped the accessions into three major clusters and twenty probable duplicates were identified, which should beeliminated to cut down the cost of conservation. The results obtained suggest that S. birrea ICRAF field genebankcollections have a comparatively rich gene pool and, hence, valuable for conservation of S. birrea. The twentysamples showing duplicates would be good for evaluating performance of this long-lived tree species in bothlocations 
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