s:1569:"TI Landcare and livelihoods: the promotion and adoption of conservation farming systems in the Philippines uplands 
AU Cramb R A 
AU Culasero-Arellano Z 
AB Slow adoption of conservation farming systems in the7Philippine uplands is a major problem. To address this,8the landcare approach, based on community landcare9groups, is being piloted in several locations. The results10of a study to evaluate the impact of the Landcare Pro-11gram in Barangay Ned in Southern Mindanao are12presented. The sustainable rural livelihoods approach13was used as a framework for the evaluation. The study14focused on two impacts, the adoption of conservation15practices and the formation and development of land-16care groups, drawing on four data sources – project17reports, key informants, a questionnaire survey, and18case studies of landcare groups. The Ned Landcare Pro-19gram has been associated with rapid adoption of con-20servation farming practices and the rapid formation of21landcare groups linked in an association. The main22effect of the Program was to enhance human capital23through practical, farmer-led training and extension,24enabling farmers to incorporate soil conservation and25agroforestry technologies in their farming systems,26with desirable outcomes for livelihood security and27environmental sustainability. The social capital formed,28especially through the landcare association, was29crucial to these outcomes. Ongoing partnerships with30adequately resourced facilitating agencies were required31to maintain the Landcare Program in the long term. 
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