This paper explores how some of the current conflicts regarding (forest) land status in the province of Lampung originated and evolved over time. The dramatic increase of the population is important to note. On the other hand there has been (and still is) a lot of confusion and contradiction regarding the legal aspects of forest land and private or community land status. A historical perspective shows that deforestation is not a clear-cut story of illegals encroaching State Forest Land. This study presents how conflicts were generated, simmered, exploded and are in some cases solved. We focus on the forest categories of convertible production forest, conservation forest (with the National Parks) and the protection forest. In the case of the National Park the classified area actually increased dramatically over the years since the thirties. Some so-called encroachers do have quite strong claims to parts of now classified State Forest Land. In the Sumberjaya conflicts about protection forest were particularly violent, but on the other hand recent negotiations can be seen as pioneer for the whole province and probably more areas in Indonesia. These negotiations among stakeholders benefit from both the process and the results of biophysical and policy research.
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