s:2341:"%T Legalitas produksi bibit tanaman masyarakat 
%A Purnomosidhi P 
%A Roshetko, J.M. 
%X Government forest and land rehabilitation programs provide commercial opportunity to smallholder tree nursery enterprises seedlings. However many seedlings produced by smallholder are not certificated by the government. Surveys of smallholder nurseries were conducted April 2010 through February 2011 in four locations: Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) Province, Jambi Province, Lampung Province and Bogor District. Results from the surveys found that most commercial oriented nursery enterprises are established by individual farmers with family capital. Commercial nurseries operated by groups are uncommon. The seedlings produced in these nurseries include forest (timber), estate crop (rubber, cacao, coffee, etc) and horticulture (fruit) seedlings. Seedling production per nursery varies from 5000 to 4 millions depending orders received, market demand from the previous year, and family capital. The seedling consumers are community members (75-85%) and goverment project (15-25%). Most farmer nurseries are not able to directly sell seedlings to government project because government regulations requiring certification for nurseries to produce and sell seedlings to government programs. The regulations require registration with local and provincial goverments. as the certification for horticultural nursery is called SKPB (Registration Letter for Producing Seedling). Additionally, nurseries require seedling distribution certification labels (blue label) from the provincial BP2MB (Centre of Quality Supervision of Seed). These certification requirements are a barrier to smallholder nursery enterprises because a) nursery registrations are valid for only 1-2 years and cost between Rp 200.000 and Rp 2.500.000, b) seedling distribution certification labels are valid for only a single season, and c) labels are valid for only one species and each label cost Rp 300-350/seedling. Few smallholder nurseries can afford the time and money required to achieve certifications. Generally, blue label seedlings are produced only for government programs. Transactions in public horticultural seedling markets are based on trust between seedling buyers and seedling producers. Producers of poor quality seedlings will not retain repeat customers. 
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