Indonesia faces the most dramatic opportunity for altering the futuresof its people and its philosophy of governance since it declaredindependence in 1945. In casting off thirty-two years of repressiveauthoritarian government and corruption in 1998, Indonesia’s leaderspublicly committed to return to the constitutional principles of popularsovereignty, social justice, and humanitarianism. Fundamental changesin policy and governance are popularly desired and urgently needed.When she was a leader of the opposition to Suharto’s New Order,Megawati Sukarnoputri acknowledged as much by committing herselfand her administration to democratic reform. In her words, “theessence of democracy as a way of life is respect for other people,respect for human beings. Thus the struggle of transforming oursociety into a democracy is basically the struggle of persuadingourselves to be respectful towards others in our daily lives. Unlesswe succeed in fostering genuine respect toward others, democracywill remain an empty jargon in our society” (Sukarnoputri 1997).Although the new government of President Sukarnoputri is stilltaking shape as this report goes to press in January 2002, the initialexuberance over the possibilities of reformasi (reform) after the fallof the Suharto dictatorship in May 1998 has largely ebbed. Meanwhile,the hard work of reconstructing the nation continues. ThroughoutIndonesia, fundamental concepts of national philosophy and stateadministration and functions are being challenged and reinvented.Legal control of Indonesia’s natural resources is at the center ofmany of these fundamental debates, and the outcomes will havebroad and enduring impacts.
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