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Who is planting or removing trees? Shifting cultivation in a shifting context. Upper Mekong

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Shifting or swidden cultivation, i.e. temporary cropping on clearings in the forest used to the be the most important land use in the Upper Mekong region. Shifting cultivators remove trees for cropping, but let them grow back again during the fallow period. Due to emerging economic opportunities and policy pressures, it is increasingly replaced by other land uses., e.g. permanent cropping and tree plantations such as natural rubber.

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