CIFOR–ICRAF publishes over 750 publications every year on agroforestry, forests and climate change, landscape restoration, rights, forest policy and much more – in multiple languages.

CIFOR–ICRAF addresses local challenges and opportunities while providing solutions to global problems for forests, landscapes, people and the planet.

We deliver actionable evidence and solutions to transform how land is used and how food is produced: conserving and restoring ecosystems, responding to the global climate, malnutrition, biodiversity and desertification crises. In short, improving people’s lives.

Tracking outcomes of social and institutional innovation in natural resource management

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Much of the literature on NRM refers to social institutions as mediating factors that govern the relationship between a community and the natural resources upon which it depends. The relationship between social capital and natural capital is emphasized (Ostrom, 2000b;Bowles and Gintis, 2002; Pretty, 2003).

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