CIFOR–ICRAF publishes over 750 publications every year on agroforestry, forests and climate change, landscape restoration, rights, forest policy and much more – in multiple languages.

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We deliver actionable evidence and solutions to transform how land is used and how food is produced: conserving and restoring ecosystems, responding to the global climate, malnutrition, biodiversity and desertification crises. In short, improving people’s lives.

Rubber agroforests - how to define?

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Rubber agroforests are a major part of the landscape in Sumatra and these harbor a large share of the original forest pl ant and animal species of lowland Sumatra. There is a continuum of management intensities affecting species richness [monoculture rubber (MR), simple rubber agroforests (SRA) and complex rubber agroforests (CRA) or “jungle rubber” that resemble forests). Efforts are underway to get market recognition for the forest-like production conditions through eco-certification. Any form of certification, however, requires a clear operational definition o f species-rich rubber agroforest. Using available data, we aim to pro vide quantitative criteria that are: • easy to understand • easy to measure • reliable

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