CIFOR–ICRAF publishes over 750 publications every year on agroforestry, forests and climate change, landscape restoration, rights, forest policy and much more – in multiple languages.

CIFOR–ICRAF addresses local challenges and opportunities while providing solutions to global problems for forests, landscapes, people and the planet.

We deliver actionable evidence and solutions to transform how land is used and how food is produced: conserving and restoring ecosystems, responding to the global climate, malnutrition, biodiversity and desertification crises. In short, improving people’s lives.

Payments for environmental services

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The concept behind Payments for Environmental Services (PES) 1 is to provide incentives and benefits for people who now utilise environmentally valuable ecosystems 2 in return for them agreeing to utilise these services in such a way as to protect or enhance their local and external benefits. In certain circumstances individuals or communities can be directly rewarded for providing these services to external stakeholders. PES schemes fi ll the gap between the payments for environmental goods that markets provide and the unrecognised demand for environmental services

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