In light of global concerns over the multiple impacts of climate change and climate variability, this chapter makes a case for a concerted global effort to promote mitigation practices that also have benefits for the adaptation and livelihoods of pastoralists and agropastoralists in drylands. The document highlights the importance of drylands, grazing lands and livestock-based livelihoods and illustrates the interrelations between climate change, biodiversity loss, desertification and drought in these systems. Building on estimates of the potential carbon (C) storage and sequestration in pasture and rangelands in drylands, the paper outlines the main land management measures for improving C cycling and grassland management while recognizing the socio-economic dimensions of rangeland management and the climate change adaptation and associated co-benefits. In conclusion, it presents some key messages on the importance of grasslands and rangelands in terms of their contribution to C sequestration and to the livelihoods of the poor. It highlights the fact that management strategies and practices that contribute to mitigating climate change will also play a major role in climate change adaptation and reducing vulnerability to natural disasters for the millions of people – including the poor – who depend on these land-use systems
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