Theapproachproducedstrategiesbeneficialforimprovingcommunitylivelihoods,sustainableutilizationofnaturalresourcesandasthebasisfortheformulationofgovernmentregulationsandgovernment-communityagreementsforcollaborativemanagement.From thecasestudies,itisconcludedthat:• Issuesof ecosystemservicesvs livelihoodsneedtobeaddressedatlandscape level since there are interactionsin spatialcontext,acrosstime, across actors• Multi-stakeholderparticipationneedstobeincorporatedasearly aspossible• Thebiggestchallenge, thus prioritytobeaddressed, isthe socialcapitalfollowedbyhumanandfinancialcapital