CIFOR–ICRAF publishes over 750 publications every year on agroforestry, forests and climate change, landscape restoration, rights, forest policy and much more – in multiple languages.

CIFOR–ICRAF addresses local challenges and opportunities while providing solutions to global problems for forests, landscapes, people and the planet.

We deliver actionable evidence and solutions to transform how land is used and how food is produced: conserving and restoring ecosystems, responding to the global climate, malnutrition, biodiversity and desertification crises. In short, improving people’s lives.

Land use change and forest degradation in Sumatran orangutan habitats and the opportunity cost of CO2 emissions

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Landscape arrangements for biodiversity preservation and human livelihood recognise “segregate” and “integrate” approaches. Segregation approach has issues of boundaries that in many cases are contested among stakeholders. The more integrated and gradual transition from natural forest to human habitat has survived through the maintenance of the ecosystem services, like regularity of water flow and other services that the forest provides . Such bundled services may strengthen the arguments to conserve forest flora and fauna habitats, but yet remain unassessed .

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