While the international rules and (financial) incentives for REDD+ (reducing emission from deforestation and degradation plus) at a national scale are still being negotiated, a large number of sub-national and site-specific demonstration projects have been designed and many more are planned. The LamandauRiver Wildlife Reserve (LRWR or'the reserve') forest conservation and community development project is one of a portfolio of four REDD+ projects being supported by the Clinton Climate Initiative-Forestry program, "Addressing the challenges of scaling-pp REDD+ activities in Indonesia". REDD/REALU Site-level Feasibility Appraisal (RESFA) were used as the framework for studying the key livelihoods, land-use change, carbon stock and tenure issues to develop prospective scenarios and impact predictions for the eastern buffer area of the reserve (23600ha).