Past localised population studies results recommended on farm planting of tamarinds, to stem depletion threats that increasing utilisation and habitats loss to agriculture in absence of conservation strategies pause to woodland or riverbanks -wild habitat tamarinds. It was questionable however if and how farmer adoption of this strategy would be applicable for tamarind wide-conservation in East Africa. The current study evaluated a hypothesis that the mean numbers of wild tamarinds is higher than for planted individuals and there are no correlations between tamarind establishment methods and their niches on farms in order to lucidate regionally appropriate on farm tamarind conservation needs and strategies. One hundred and seventeen tamarinds sampled from farms in East Africa were characterised for establishment methods and niches and for correlations between establishment methods and niches on farms. The results revealed equal regional mean numbers of planted and wild tamarinds (P > 0.05) with significant variation (P < 0.05) within and among countries. Uganda and Kenya tamarinds are largely planted (= 60%) in contrast to 77.7% being wild in Tanzania. The planted individuals are mainly in compounds (R = 0.912) or crop fields (R = 0.577), the wild are elsewhere on farms (R = 0.937). Planted seeds sources were markets, forest and agriculture offices, woodlands, riverbanks and India or Arabic regions. These results imply on farm conservation of tamarinds will mitigate for threatened wild populations. However, farmer centred, localised and not regional conservation strategies are needed for planted and wild tamarinds conservation in the different on farm niches in East Africa.
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