s:1802:"%T Cooking-fuel briquettes for sustainable communities in Kenya health, wealth, nutrition and environmental gains from recycling waste charcoal and biomass 
%A Njenga, M. 
%A Karanja N K 
%A Iiyama M 
%A Jamnadass, R. 
%X . Why briquettes! • Cooking with brique0es is 9 and 15 (mes cheaper than lump charcoal and kerosene, respec9vely. • Produc9on of fuel brique0es creates employment, generates income, empowers women grassroot groups, cleans neighbourhoods and saves trees. • Turning the 10-­15% waste charcoal dust from the charcoal supply chain into brique0es produces over 15% addi(onal cooking fuel. • Brique0es made from charcoal dust (80%) and soil (20%) burn more regularly and longer than charcoal (4 h vs 2.5 h); this allows communi9es to maintain their nutri9ous, slow-­cooked tradi9onal diets (Njenga et al, 2013). • They lower household air pollu(on. Carbon monoxide (CO) and ne par9culate ma0er (PM2.5) emissions from brique0es are a third and a ninth, respec9vely, of what lump charcoal emits. • Brique0es generate between 14-­25kJ/g of energy, which is comparable to 25kJ/g for lump charcoal. Objec(ves • To evaluate fuel brique0e produc9on technologies and their eects on energy eciency • To compare household air quality from fuel brique0es vs. charcoal • To evaluate the impact on global warming poten9al (GWP) from the use of fuel brique0es • To determine the social-­economic benets accruing to communi9es from the produc9on and use of fuel brique0es. Need for aordable and cleaner cooking fuel Biomass energy is the cheapest and most important cooking fuel for families in developing countries. But there are nega9ve health and environmental eects, as well as issues of accessibility and aordability, associated with the use of rewood and charcoal 
";