CIFOR–ICRAF publishes over 750 publications every year on agroforestry, forests and climate change, landscape restoration, rights, forest policy and much more – in multiple languages.

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We deliver actionable evidence and solutions to transform how land is used and how food is produced: conserving and restoring ecosystems, responding to the global climate, malnutrition, biodiversity and desertification crises. In short, improving people’s lives.

Biological Water Quality Indicators in Upland Catchments: Family Biotic Index as an Assessment Tool

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Forest conversion to agriculture such as coffee garden and rice field rapidly occured in the upper Way Besai watershed, Sumberjaya, Lampung, Indonesia which invo lved activities such as land clearing, soil tillage, planting, weeding and applying fertilizers and pest icides by farmers. Those activities affect the water quality along t he stream and river through sedimentation and accumulation of nutrients and pesticide residues.

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