CIFOR–ICRAF publishes over 750 publications every year on agroforestry, forests and climate change, landscape restoration, rights, forest policy and much more – in multiple languages.

CIFOR–ICRAF addresses local challenges and opportunities while providing solutions to global problems for forests, landscapes, people and the planet.

We deliver actionable evidence and solutions to transform how land is used and how food is produced: conserving and restoring ecosystems, responding to the global climate, malnutrition, biodiversity and desertification crises. In short, improving people’s lives.

Avoided deforestation with sustainable benefits (ADSB) in Indonesia: sustainable, efficient and fair: can REDD be all three?

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The triple bottom-line of people, profit and planet refers to three different dimensions for evaluating the emerging REDD system: Will it lead to sustainable use of the planet Will it be done in an efficient way that does not affect profit Will it be fair to the people who deserve to be rewarded Climate Justice is a moral concept of fairness rather than a legal reality. The different actors negotiating over forest goods and services include governments, NGOs, companies, traders, migrants, farmers in the forest margins and indigenous forest people. Their interactions are complex at the national level and even more so in the context of international agreements between sovereign countries. As in any type of 'negotiation support', issues of substance ('hard data') play a role, but equally important is the process and 'bargaining position' that par ties take.

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