This work was carried out in the Aguaytía basin, Ucayali region, with the objective to measure the effect of changing land use on biomass and carbon stocks. Six clusters with the main types of land use were formed, simulating the common sequence of land use forms originating from a remnant primary forest, using methodologies established by the IPCC for biomass and from the University of Göttingen for belowground carbon assessments. Signi• cant differences in aboveground biomass were found between the 314,7t/ha reported for primary forest remnant with all other systems evaluated, such as 104,4t/ha for high secondary forest (purma), 45,1t/ha for low secondary forest, 44,3t/ha for grassland, 35,6t/ha for crops and 33,9t/ha for oil palm. Signi• cant differences in total carbon stock were found between the different land use systems where primary forests reported 307,4tC/ha, high secondary forest 149,8tC/ha, oil palm plantations 142,3tC/ha, grassland 96,1tC/ha, low secondary forest 93,5tC/ha, and crops 90,5tC/ha. The decrease in biomass and carbon storage capacity in oil palm plantation is mainly owed to the type of agricultural management employed in the area. Stocks in pastures exceeding those from oil palm plantations are explained by the forest-like biomass dynamics that evolve after their abandonment also due to the existing of standing and dead shade trees remaining in the pastures. We still conclude that a substantial loss in biomass richness and carbon storage capacity results from the conversion of remaining primary forest. This has been observed based on our analyses of carbon stocks under different types of land use particularly in above-ground biomass but is paralleled by stocks of litter and dead wood while differences in the shrub, herb and • ne-root pools were only slightly signi• cant. Soil carbon pools maintained rather stable with the exception of oil palm plantations. This serves as evidence that tropical forests do lose their regenerative capacity and ability to return to their initial natural physiognomy after severe interventions.
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