The Value chain Innovation Platforms Project for Food Security (VIP4FS) aims to identify principles and drivers that support scalable establishment of effective and equitable innovation platforms that enhance food security through greater engagement of smallholder farmers with markets. As a starting point, the project needed to understand the context in which smallholder farmers operate in order to be able to propose interventions that will improve food security and hence enhance their livelihoods. A household survey was carried out in Uganda project sites, Manafwa and Kapchorwa, to understand the livelihood status of communities living in the Mt. Elgon ecosystem. This report presents a livelihood analysis by focusing on household characteristics, institutions, income, assets, dietary diversity, wealth status and infrastructure.