CIFOR–ICRAF publishes over 750 publications every year on agroforestry, forests and climate change, landscape restoration, rights, forest policy and much more – in multiple languages.

CIFOR–ICRAF addresses local challenges and opportunities while providing solutions to global problems for forests, landscapes, people and the planet.

We deliver actionable evidence and solutions to transform how land is used and how food is produced: conserving and restoring ecosystems, responding to the global climate, malnutrition, biodiversity and desertification crises. In short, improving people’s lives.

The potential natural vegetation (PNV) map of eastern and southern Africa

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Potential natural vegetation (PNV) is defined here as "vegetation that would persist under the current conditions without human interventions". As such, it can be considered a baseline or null model to assess the vegetation that could be present in a landscape under the current climate and edaphic conditions, including conditions created or altered by man.

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