This paper synthesizes knowledge within CGIAR and its partners on agricultural practicesand technologies to enhance food security, resilience and productivity in a sustainablemanner. A number of agricultural practices and technologies which contribute to theseobjectives were identified and assessed to generate four key lessons. Firstly, agriculturalpractices and technologies do not necessarily have universal applicability, they will have to beselected, tailored and applied as appropriate for the context, including agro-ecological zones,farming systems as well as cultural and socio-economic context. Secondly, strongmechanisms for capacity enhancement and technology transfer are prerequisites for success ofinterventions. Thirdly, suitable sources of funding are required to support implementation andscaling up efforts. Lastly, many agricultural practices and technologies have the potential toachieve co-benefits for environmental health and climate change mitigation. In contextswhere mitigation is feasible, managing for multiple outcomes can help countries andsmallholder farmers adopt low carbon development pathways.