CIFOR–ICRAF publishes over 750 publications every year on agroforestry, forests and climate change, landscape restoration, rights, forest policy and much more – in multiple languages.

CIFOR–ICRAF addresses local challenges and opportunities while providing solutions to global problems for forests, landscapes, people and the planet.

We deliver actionable evidence and solutions to transform how land is used and how food is produced: conserving and restoring ecosystems, responding to the global climate, malnutrition, biodiversity and desertification crises. In short, improving people’s lives.

Developing an equitable rewards scheme for water storage and livelihood improvement in the Manupali watershed, southern Philippines

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Rewards for ecosystem services (RES) is an increasingly used alternative approach to environmental management. In this approach, ecosystem service (ES) users pay for or provide appropriate rewards to land managers for adopting land-use practices that conserve or improve the level of ES. The approach’s impacts are often evaluated based on their ecological effectiveness, economic efficiency, and social equity. While the meaning of equity as used in this approach still lacks clarity, there is no doubt that it is central to achieve just and sustainable outcomes on environmental management.

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