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The research found that forest income is not smallholders’ first option in response to crisis or shock. However, timber sales do play an important role in providing basic needs related to health, education, food and housing.

Photo by Tomas Munita/CIFOR

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Keywords:

latin america, productivity, women, forest products industries, forest policy, stakeholders, forest products, forest management, production, timber production, forests, rural population, citizen participation, logging, deforestation, rural communities, rain forests, ecosystem services, tropical forests, community forestry, livelihoods, America, gender relations, ecuador_story, socioeconomics, Ecuador.