Two decades ago it was commonly thought that protecting the environment in the tropics would entail a significant drag on economic development in developing countries. But in recent years the global consensus has shifted toward the view that environmental conservation is not in conflict with development, but rather is a crucial element of sustainable development. The conservation of biodiversity has nowbecome a widely shared goal among nations, leading to the implementation of many projects to attempt to save natural areas from degradation ordestruction (Keating 1993).The classical method of preserving a natural area has always been to declare it off-limits and enforce exclusion. Boundaries are set and guards patrol. This often results in conflict and hostility between the enforcement agency and the local communities. Enforcement seldom worked becausepopulation pressure on the land was too great, or the costs of enforcement were too high. The modern approach of integrating conservation and development suggests that enforcement ought to be linked with some form of compensation to the communities that are directly affected by the presence of the natural area. This would enable them to recover some benefits from foregoing their use of the protected area (Wells and Brandon 1992). Conservation would only be assured if the management of protected areas is reconciled with the social and economic needs of local people. During the past decade there has been a rapid expansion in participatory watershed resource management projects and integrated conservation- development projects (ICDPs). However, the participatory mode is noveland complex, and the implementers of such projects have little theory or experience to draw upon (Rhoades 1998).
DOI:
https://doi.org/10919/65362Skor altmetrik:
Jumlah Kutipan Dimensi:
Tahun publikasi
2001
Penulis
Garrity, D.P.; Amoroso V B; Koffa S N; Catacutan D C
Bahasa
English
Kata kunci
innovation, resource management
Geografis
Philippines
