Inclusive business models (IBM) connect smallholders and other low-income people with buyers, processors and traders in agricultural and forest product value chains. Value chain actors engage with each other through diverse institutional arrangements, including international (e.g. UN Global Compact, zero deforestation) and industry standards (e.g. Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, Cocoa and Forests Initiative), certifications (e.g. fair trade, organic), and contract farming.
Tahun publikasi
2021
Penulis
Stoian, D.; Foundjem-Tita, D.; Kikulwe, E.
Bahasa
English
Kata kunci
business models, cocoa, oil palms, sustainable development
Geografis
Ghana, Peru
