1) The document examines changes in agroforestry areas in three Vietnamese provinces (Bac Kan, Ha Tinh, and Dac Nong) between 2000-2020, finding decreasing trends overall but increases in some perennial tree-based systems. 2) Drivers of changes included government forest protection policies increasing natural forest area in Bac Kan, reforestation programs converting agroforestry to plantation forest in Ha Tinh, and poverty alleviation programs supporting fruit/perennial trees. 3) Market factors like increasing timber prices and availability of markets for cash crops and perennial tree products also influenced land use changes. Wealthier households tended to maintain or increase agroforestry areas.
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