Using animal manure as organic fertilizer to grow fodder crops is causing public health concerns because animal manure is the major reservoir of veterinary antibiotics. In this study, we used a mathematical model to estimate the risk of human exposure to veterinary antibiotics when using swine manure as organic fertilizer to grow alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Alfalfa was planted in a greenhouse and fertilized with swine manure spiked with oxytetracycline (OTC, at 0, 150, and 1500 mg/kg of manure), ofloxacin (OFL, at 0, 15, and 150 mg/kg), or sulfamonomethoxine (SMM, at 0, 5, 15 and 150 mg/kg). Alfalfa was harvested at the budding stage and ensiled for 60 days. Results showed that OTC and OFL could be detected in the alfalfa root, stem, and leaf with a concentration ranging from 8.85 to 59.17 μg OTC /kg and from 1.50 to 4.10 μg OFL/kg dry matter, but SMM could only be detected in the root ranging from 29.10 to 63.75 μg/kg dry matter. The ensiling for 60 days decreased the OFL concentration by 68.7% but only slightly decreased the OTC concentration. The maximum daily exposures of humans to OTC and OFL through liquid milk consumption were estimated to be 5.84E-8 and 1.63E-8 μg, respectively, both of which are well below the intake levels of OTC (72 μg) and OFL (54 μg) mandated by the European Union. The results of the present study indicate that using swine manure as organic fertilizer to grow alfalfa poses a limited risk for human exposure to veterinary antibiotics through the consumption of liquid milk. © 2021
CIFOR-ICRAF s’attaque aux défis et aux opportunités locales tout en apportant des solutions aux problèmes mondiaux concernant les forêts, les paysages, les populations et la planète.
Nous fournissons des preuves et des solutions concrètes pour transformer l’utilisation des terres et la production alimentaire : conserver et restaurer les écosystèmes, répondre aux crises mondiales du climat, de la malnutrition, de la biodiversité et de la désertification. En bref, nous améliorons la vie des populations.
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CIFOR-ICRAF publie chaque année plus de 750 publications sur l’agroforesterie, les forêts et le changement climatique, la restauration des paysages, les droits, la politique forestière et bien d’autres sujets encore, et ce dans plusieurs langues. .
CIFOR-ICRAF a un impact fondé sur la science. Nous menons des recherches innovantes, renforçons les capacités de nos partenaires et engageons activement le dialogue avec toutes les parties prenantes, en apportant les dernières connaissances sur les forêts, les arbres, les paysages et les populations à la prise de décision au niveau mondial.
CIFOR-ICRAF s’attaque aux défis et aux opportunités locales tout en apportant des solutions aux problèmes mondiaux concernant les forêts, les paysages, les populations et la planète.
Nous fournissons des preuves et des solutions concrètes pour transformer l’utilisation des terres et la production alimentaire : conserver et restaurer les écosystèmes, répondre aux crises mondiales du climat, de la malnutrition, de la biodiversité et de la désertification. En bref, nous améliorons la vie des populations.
CIFOR–ICRAF achieves science-driven impact. We conduct innovative research, strengthen partners’ capacity and actively engage in dialogue with all stakeholders, bringing the latest insights on forests, trees, landscapes and people to global decision making.
CIFOR–ICRAF publishes over 750 publications every year on agroforestry, forests and climate change, landscape restoration, rights, forest policy and much more – in multiple languages.
CIFOR–ICRAF addresses local challenges and opportunities while providing solutions to global problems for forests, landscapes, people and the planet.
We deliver actionable evidence and solutions to transform how land is used and how food is produced: conserving and restoring ecosystems, responding to the global climate, malnutrition, biodiversity and desertification crises. In short, improving people’s lives.
