This presentation focuses on gender transformative approaches and environmental justice in international landscape restoration initiatives. We depart from the three-dimensional environmental justice framework to draw from decolonial, indigenous and gender justice perspectives, placing particular attention to human-nature binaries, epistemic justice, relational ontology, self-determination, and self-governance. We highlight the embeddedness of the current international landscape restoration efforts within the (neo)colonial and neoliberal natural protection efforts, risking similar injustices, violence and forms of oppression, including epistemic and political denial and oppression, ignorance and/or erasure of local people’s histories, agency, their sense of belonging and ways of knowing, as well as weakening of their rights and access over their territories and livelihoods. Some of the major barriers to effective, just and equitable landscape restoration include: (i) prioritization of global over local knowledge systems, logics and politics in global landscape restoration; (ii) targeting of small-scale drivers of land degradation over large-scale and more profitable ones; (iii) offshoring burdens of global landscape restoration on the local people’s shoulders; and (iv) reliance on state authority and institutional structures and bypassing of customary and indigenous authorities and legal systems. We conclude by proposing a set of questions and conditions for policy makers and scholars to contemplate and reflect upon when designing and analysing landscape Restoration projects and activities.