Tropical peatlands in Indonesia have substantial potential to store vast amounts of carbon yet experience extensive degradation caused by conversion for agriculture, logging and mining. This has led to the pursuit of solutions for restoration of peat-ecosystem functions. One of the potential solutions, agroforestry, was recommended as a best practice for peatland restoration by the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry. This study examined the socio-economic factors influencing adoption of agrosilvofishery practices, which could support both peatland restoration and livelihoods’ improvement. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted with landowners and farmers in South Sumatra to assess their perceptions of, and willingness to adopt, agrosilvofishery models for carbon farming and livelihoods’ improvement. Findings implied that family roles, education level and experience with tree-based livelihoods significantly affected the willingness of farmers to adopt agrosilvofishery practices. On the one hand, some agricultural characteristics and lack of knowledge of technical aspects negatively influenced their adoption. On the other, the perception of potential improved well-being from the agrosilvofishery practices positively influenced farmers' willingness to adopt. This study highlighted the importance of effective communication strategies and teaching methods to address perceived barriers. We anticipate that the adoption of the agrosilvofishery practices by the farmers could be positively increased through strategies that targeted decision-makers, promoted local connections, simplified technical information, emphasized well-being benefits and addressed productivity concerns.