This document discusses three case studies evaluating the impact of conservation efforts on local communities' well-being. 1) An experimental study using random assignment found no measurable impact of payments for ecosystem services on water quality in 120 communities. 2) A quasi-experimental study in Madagascar found no overall impact of community forest management on economic well-being, but impacts varied by education level. 3) A participatory evaluation found community forest management both positively and negatively influenced different priorities like access to land, agriculture, and education. The approach provided nuanced information on local perceptions rather than overall impacts.
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