1) The study examines how participation in non-farm and off-farm income generating activities affects rural household investments in sustainable land management (SLM) practices and agricultural production in the smallholder farming systems of Vihiga district, Kenya. 2) Preliminary results found the most common non-farm income sources were business, employment, and wage labor, while the main off-farm income sources were firewood, charcoal, and timber collection. 3) Regression and instrumental variable analyses will be used to determine the impacts of non-farm and off-farm incomes on agricultural production and SLM investments, and the effects on agricultural productivity and efficiency.
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