Jaringan dan Keputusan Migrasi Untuk Penguasaan Lahan Kajian Komunitas Petani Coklat Migran Bugis di Sulawesi Tenggara

Spontaneous rural to rural migration has many impacts on every human being dimension. The wave of migration on the basis of the land thirsty was triggered by the development of high economic value cash crops. Migration can lead to changes in social and economic spheres, in social and family structure. Those changes followed by changes in livelihood, land distribution, land management and the decision for another migration step. Study of migration networks will contribute to a good portrait of never-ending migration, the related actors and their role in facilitating the migration and also influence the decision for migration. The study was conducted at Bugis migrant communities in Southeast Sulawesi. Bugis community were known as the great wanderer and always successful in their new area. In Southeast Sulawesi, smallholder cacao plantation were dominated by the Bugis migrant. Data from Statistic Bureau of Indonesia (2010) showing that cacao production in this province is about 137.833 ton, and the migrant communities contribute two third from all the production. Research was conducted in the destination areas of Bugis migrants (Besulutu sub district, Konawae District) and in the origin areas (Tellu Limpoe sub district, Sinjai district). The results of the study showed that the main motivation Bugis migrants to the Southeast Sulawesi is because of land. Waves of Bugis migration to the Southeast can be defined in three main phases that was characterized by development of some major commodity in each difference time period. Green revolution with paddy development in 1970 – 1980s, cacao booming in early (in 1980 s – 2000s) and post phase (2000s until now). Migration decision making in each time period were based on household or family consideration, is not only rely on the individual bases. There were four migration network pattern that was deliberate or undeliberately developed by the Bugis migrant community. Kinship network, patron client relationship, and migration due to work displacement. The fourth network pattern is the migration by the pioneer migration that was inhabited Southeast Sulawesi for long time period. The motivation were to expand the agriculture or plantation land in other areas in Southeast Sulawesi. Family and friendship network play a very important in the early stages of migration. Another central actor in the migration is the migrant land broker, who becomes the node of the network that opens the network to different villages and families

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