This study examined soil and water retention strategies using conservation agriculture with trees (CAWT) in Kibwezi, Kenya. Minimum and zero tillage increased soil organic carbon and cation exchange capacity compared to conventional tillage. Faidherbia albida, Gliricidia sepium and Tephrosia candida improved soil fertility when used in CAWT. Soil water content was highest under zero tillage and F. albida. The hardpan layer reduced infiltration. Overall, CAWT and water harvesting increased soil organic matter and water retention compared to conventional practices.
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